Water Company (AWC) Lantern Hill groundwater source. With elevated levels of both

dissolved manganese (~0.19 mg/L), dissolved iron (~1.9 mg/L) and natural organic

matter (NOM) (~3 mg/L) the existing treatment plant is having difficulty in achieving

required manganese removal while maintaining low concentrations of disinfection byproducts

(DBPs) in finished water. At full-scale, dissolved manganese in the raw water is

removed through pre-filter oxidation and adsorption on iron precipitates via application

of free chlorine and permanganate as well as adsorption of dissolved manganese onto

MnO

x(s) coated filter media (anthracite and greensand) which is continuously reactivated

by free-chlorine oxidation. The addition of pre-filter chlorine to the raw water with high

concentration of NOM leads to the formation of elevated levels of regulated DBPs such

as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs).

a concentrations and

cyanobacteria synoptically, over a large inland lake using available Landsat Enhanced Thematic

Mapper Plus (ETM+) data. In contrast to previous studies which rely on the spectral

characteristics of the cyanobacterial specific pigment, phycocyanin, we developed remote

sensing models capable of directly detecting cyanobacterial biovolume. This distinction is

important because Landsat ETM+ data lacks the spectral band information required for optimal

phycocyanin detection. Each model was calibrated and cross-validated with existing

in situ

measurements

from Lake Champlain’s Long-Term Water Quality and Biological Monitoring

Program (LTMP). Lake station measurements taken between 2006 and 2009 were matched with

radiometrically converted exoatmospheric reflectance data from seven spectral bands on the

Landsat ETM+ sensor. Step-wise multi-linear regression indicated data from Landsat ETM+

bands 1, 2 and 3 were most significant for predicting chl-

a and cyanobacteria biovolume. Based

on statistical analysis, the linear models that included visible band ratios slightly outperformed

single band models. The final models captured the extents of cyanobacterial blooms throughout

the 2006-2009 study period. The results serve as an added monitoring tool for resource

managers and present new insight into the initiation and propagation of cyanobacterial blooms in

Lake Champlain.

The main objective of this study is to conduct bench scale experiments to investigate the effectiveness of conventional drinking water treatment processes at removing selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from municipal water supplies. It was also a goal of this work to provide utilities with information on likely removal of these compounds under a board range of water qualities and treatment scenarios.

Raw water used for this work came from 15 participating utilities, and each utility had at least one source water and treatment system. Samples were collected at different times of the year, and important water quality parameters, such as UV254, TOC and DOC were measured. The concentration of the target compounds in the raw water, travel blank, and treated water was also measured.

Overall, the treatment processes that include oxidation such as ozonation, chlorination and chloramination are the most effective processes resulting in around 80% to 100% of the target compounds removal. Chlorination alone is very effective at removing most of the target compounds that were studied. N-N-diethyltoluamide (DEET) and Tris (2 chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) are relatively resistant to all the treatment techniques that were tested (coagulation, ozonation, chlorination, chloramination and GAC/dual-media filtration).

However, filtration on adsorptive media was able to remove most of the DEET when the DEET concentration was low. This could be due to the result of adsorption on the GACmedia. The ozone-GAC biofiltration process is very effective at controlling and removing most target compounds.

contaminant spill as it travels across the Wachusett Reservoir. The reservoir, located in central

Massachusetts, is a 65 billion gallon water body that supplies drinking water to the Boston

Metropolitan area and consists of numerous inflows and outflows. The Quabbin Reservoir, a

412 billion gallon system, accounts for close to half of the inflow. The Wachusett Reservoir

receives Quabbin water through the Quabbin aqueduct located on its eastern side. CEQUAL

W2, a two-dimensional, laterally averaged, hydrodynamic and water quality model was utilized

to perform numerous simulations. The current version, version 3.6, was used due to its

computational speed and ability to apply past years data without changing input files.

Four years were analyzed, 2003-2006, in order to examine similarities and differences from year

to year. Simulations for years 2005 and 2006 were calibrated to measured temperature and

conductivity profiles within the North Basin of the Wachusett Reservoir (Years 2003 and 2004

were completed prior to this research). Simulations were performed in order to better understand

the behavior of the spill under three main scenarios: 1) seasonal change, 2) variation of spill

temperature, and 3) turning the Quabbin transfer on or off. Spill characteristics and location

were kept the same for each simulation to allow for comparison. The date of the spill was

chosen based on similar wind conditions for each season of every year. The behavior of the spill

was evaluated by analyzing conductivity versus time at the withdrawal of the reservoir, the

Cosgrove intake. Profiles of conductivity versus water depth at some locations along the

reservoir were observed in order to better understand spill behavior.

Model results demonstrated that similarities between years existed. The arrival time of the spill

was affected by the seasonal change. Spring spills consistently arrived at the withdrawal within

2-3 days, fall spills within approximately 7-10 days, and summer spills took 10-15 days. The

summer spills showed more variability, having larger peaks than the other seasons. Changing

the temperature of the spill displayed minimal effect for the spring and fall seasons. The summer

of 2004 showed a faster arrival time at the intake for a warm spill whereas the summers of 2003,

2005 and 2006 displayed negligible differences in spill behavior when changing the spill

temperature. Altering the condition of the Quabbin transfer showed the most effect during the

summer months for all four years. Turning the transfer off for a period of two weeks after the

significantly. CEQUAL W2 V3.6 proved to be an effective tool in examining the behavior of a

contaminant spill within the Wachusett Reservoir under various scenarios. spill caused the variability of spill concentration measured at the withdrawal to dampen

2 and supplementary nutrients into biomass in the presence of light via photosynthesis, and at much higher rates than convention oil-producing crops. Algal biomass can then be transformed into methane via anaerobic bacteria-mediated fermentation, or to biodiesel via lipid extraction, as well as other by-products of secondary metabolism. Production of biofuel by microalgae can be made more sustainable through coupling microalgal biomass production with existing power generation and wastewater treatment infrastructure. On the other hand, integration of algal biofuel production into wastewater treatment plant anaerobic digestion infrastructure has the potential to increase biogas production, decrease high and variable internal nitrogen loads, and improve sludge digestibility and dewaterability