This dissertation focuses on the nanoparticle self-assembly on the liquid/liquid interface and the nanomaterial modification on surface. The self-assembly of nanoparticles at the liquid/liquid interface was utilized to trap non-equilibrium morphology when the nanoparticles reach jamming state. The dynamics of jammed systems were further studied by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. For the surface part, the nanomaterials were modified on the electrodes to improve the performance of microbial electrosynthesis. Also, a novel and simple method was developed to prepare nanomaterials including nanoparticle surfactants and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).