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Publication A grounded theory analysis of local residents’ perceptions of social meanings of recreational beaches(2017) Gao, MingjieThe purpose of this study was to inquire local residents’ perceptions of social meanings of recreational beaches. Constructivist grounded theory was used in this study. The research site was in a northern coastal city in mainland China. A hierarchical model to understand local residents’ perceptions of social meanings of recreational beaches was proposed. Recreational beaches were attached with emotional feelings, where local residents can increase their family bonding and maintain friendships. Moreover, recreational beaches are carriers of the local culture.Publication Discerning Differences in Cross-border Shopping Occasions(2017) Mulvey, Michael S; Lever, MichaelPublication The Emergence of Craft Distilling Tourism: The Role of Community Capitals(2017) Knollenberg, Whitney; Barbieri, CarlaThis study examines which Community Capitals have aided in the establishment of a craft distilling tourism product in North Carolina. Qualitative data collected from in depth interviews with distillers revealed that Social, Human, Political, Financial, Cultural, and Natural Capital played a role in creating a craft distilling tourism product. The presentation offers discussion of how these Capitals were manifest in this context and managerial implications for investing in these Capitals to sustain the development of the craft distilling tourism product in North Carolina.Publication Scenario Planning: A Planning Tool for an Uncertain Future(2017) Nyaupane, Gyan; Buzinde, ChristineThis paper uses scenario planning as a tool to identify key external drivers, build plausible scenarios, and develop policies and strategies. Drawing on Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Arizona as a case study, the purpose of this study was to develop a systematic scenario planning process that helps the agency in preparation for uncertainties. Two scenario workshops were conducted to cover a wide range of social and natural resource related issues. Various expert participants from universities, agencies, and community stakeholder groups were invited to participate and engage in scenario planning activities. The study developed plausible scenarios as well as policies and strategies for each scenario. The paper discusses methodological and practical implications.Publication Photo elicitation in tourism research: investigating the travel experiences of study abroad participants(2017) Pachmayer, Ara; Andereck, Kathleen L.Photo elicitation is a natural research technique for the field of tourism as most tourists take photographs to document their travel. Viewing photographs can often enhance memories and the impact of photos on memory is especially useful in the interview process. Among other benefits of the photo elicitation method, a participant may answer questions in greater detail when presented with a photograph as the photo can help the mind recall experiences more clearly and deeply (Cederholm, 2004; Clark-Ibanez, 2004). This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of the photo elicitation method, how the method was used in a study on the travel experiences of study abroad participants, and a discussion on the impact of the method on the study.Publication Reflections on Using Video as a Data Collection Tool in Narrative Inquiry(2017) Griffin, TomThis abstract offers reflection on the use of video as a data collection tool. The study was guided by a constructionist epistemology, and followed a narrative inquiry methodology, and the use of video in recoding interviews in considered. Unstructured interviews with participants were video recorded, and then edited to form a shortened and restructured narrative by the researcher. Participants then reviewed their video narratives with the researcher, and reflected on the representation offered. These second interviews were also video recorded and integrated into the overall narrative. Discussion considers epistemological implications of video as a data collection tool, as well as more practical considerations. The use of video as a data collection tool is positioned as generally beneficial in co-constructing narratives of tourism related experiences, and worthy of adoption in other research studies.Publication Qualitative Research Methods for Critical Inquiry: An Emergent Method of Analysis from the Social Sciences(2017) Lowry, Linda L.; Cartier, Elizabeth AElizabeth A. Cartier is a Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management in the Isenberg School at UMass-Amherst. Her research interests include: host and tourist behavior, tourism culture, and the critical aspects of power and control. Human resources, leadership and tourism are the focus of her teaching.Publication Innovation, authenticité et développement durable. Quel point de rencontre pour les organisations touristiques collaborant dans un réseau ?(2017) Falardeau, Isabelle; Marcotte, Pascale; Bourdeau, LaurentDans les écrits scientifiques et professionnels en tourisme, les notions d’innovation, d’authenticité et de durabilité sont souvent présentées comme des incontournables. Bien qu’à première vue ils puissent sembler difficilement conciliables, ces concepts ne le sont pas nécessairement d’un point de vue théorique. Le point de rencontre entre innovation, authenticité et développement durable pourrait-il se trouver dans l’établissement de réseaux de collaboration entre organisations touristiques ? La problématique est étudiée à travers une démarche empirique utilisant un design non expérimental afin de comparer trois réseaux d’acteurs se trouvant dans les régions touristiques de Québec et de Charlevoix. Les résultats permettent de constater dans quelle mesure les éléments témoignant de l’innovation et l’authenticité des organisations touristiques étudiées corroborent ou non la littérature sur le sujet. Ils permettent également d’exposer comment les perspectives des touristes se comparent à celles des travailleurs et experts des organisations touristiques à l’étude touristiques.Publication Does Culture Matter? A Comparison of Anglo-Canadians’ and Asian-Canadians’ Travel Motivations and Travel Constraints(2017) Yan, Nanxi; Halpenny, Elizabeth AThis study investigates how Asian-Canadians and Anglo-Canadians are different from each other in terms of their travel motivation and travel constraints. The data used for this study were obtained from the Travel Activity and Motivation Survey 2006 conducted by Statistics Canada. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to analyze the data. The results indicate that there were substantial cultural differences in terms of travel motivation and travel constraints. For example, Asian-Canadians were more motivated to travel because of seeking knowledge and seeking relaxation than Anglo-Canadians; Asian-Canadians were more inhibited by time and money to travel than Anglo-Canadians. The implications of such differences were discussed.Publication Place Vibrancy and Its Measurement: Construct Development, Scale Development, and Relationship to Tourism(2017) Delconte, John DArts and culture (AC) serve multiple roles in society. Over the last 10 to 15 years, the process of using AC to achieve community development goals has been labelled as creative placemaking. Creative placemaking programmers originally considered the broad concepts of livability and vibrancy to the goals of the programs and began developing indicators to measure them. However, thought leaders considered these endpoints to be too nebulous, and grantmakers responded to the criticisms by halting efforts to develop overall indicators. Other researchers have begun to use place vibrancy as a variable in other contexts. This set of studies is an extension of the initial line of inquiry for using vibrancy as a measure of creative placemaking. I propose that place vibrancy is a construct that can be measured through a psychometric scale, which might serve as an indicator for economic development efforts, such as tourism.Publication Destination Branding of Creative MICE tourism(2017) Kim, Eunhye Grace; Chhabra, Deepak; Timothy, Dallen J.Publication Explore the Spatial Relationship between Airbnb Rental and Crime(2017) XU, Yu-Hua; KIM, Jin-won; Pennington-Gray, LoriSharing lodging business like Airbnb thrives in recent years, meanwhile crimes and safety issues are along with the development of this burgeoning market. By using geographical weighted regression and mapping techniques revealed significant positive correlations between Airbnb clusters and crime indices. This relationship was not only significant by crime type and listing type, but also varied by spatial distribution. For the relationships altered by crime type, positive correlations were found in property crime, while negative correlations exist in violent crime. Robbery and motor vehicle theft had positive correlations, while negative correlations were recognized in murder/rape. For the crime opportunity varies by room type, shared room shows positive correlations with crimes, particularly in less touristy area, while private room and entire home carry negative correlations. Finally, spatially varying relationships were found across the studied area. The study provides security suggestions for sharing lodging guests/hosts, local government and the overall lodging industry.Publication Exploring Older Adult Educational Tourism Experiences, Satisfaction and Well-being: A Pre-Post Travel Approach(2017) Siehoyono Sie, Lintje; Phelan, Kelly Virginia; Pegg, ShaneThis study attempts to develop a comprehensive understanding of the older adult educational tourism experiences through exploring the relationship between self-determined motivations, preferred tour attributes, memorable experiences, emotions, overall satisfaction, behavioral intentions and life satisfaction. By applying a concurrent mixed method design, the data will be collected from both pre-post travel surveys and semi structured interviews completed by Australians (50 years old or older) who participate in both domestic and international educational tour packages. It is anticipated the results of this study will demonstrate that educational tourism experiences provide a path to personal growth and the discovery of new meaning in life for older travelers with such journeys offering not only an opportunity to escape from everyday life but also a ‘transitional’ or temporary platform for reflection which ultimately a mean to achieve purpose, meaning and joy in life.Publication A Dual Process Approach to Understand Tourists’ Destination Choice Processes(2017) Kock, Florian; Josiassen, Alexander; Assaf, AlbertMost studies that investigate tourists' choices of destinations apply the concept of mental destination representations, also referred to as destination image. The present study investigates tourists’ destination choice processes by conceptualizing how different components of destination image are mentally processed in tourists' minds. Specifically, the seminal dual processing approach is applied to the destination image literature. By doing this, we argue that some components of mental destination representations are processed systematically while others serve as inputs for heuristics that individuals apply to inform their decision making. Understanding how individuals make use of their mental destination representations and how they color their decision-making is essential in order to better explain tourist behavior.Publication The relationship between acculturative stress and Korean immigrants’ travel experiences(2017) Choi, Ami; Schneider, Ingrid E.TTRA 2017 Graduate Student Research Colloquium: The relationship between acculturative stress and Korean immigrants’ travel experiences Abstract The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine how acculturative stress affects onsite leisure travel experience of first-generation Korean immigrants. This study contributes to the literature by advancing the study of leisure constraints by providing proof-of-concept of the stress-coping model in travel experiences and immigrants’ responses in coping with acculturative stress during travel periods.By exploring what factors influence immigrant travelers’ appraisal process, empirically verifying that the acculturative stress does create stress for the immigrants, and learning preferred coping strategies and responses, tourism managers, planners and marketers will be better able to make informed decisions to mitigate stress among immigrant travelers.Publication New Insights into Tourists’ Risk Perceptions: A Comparison of Affective and Cognitive Evaluations of Risk across Multiple Destination Contexts(2017) Schroeder, Ashley; Pennington-Gray, LoriPublication Assessing the Social Impacts of Short Term Vacation Rentals on Urban Neighborhoods(2017) Ayscue, Emily; Boley, B. Bynum; Boley, BynumThere has yet to be any inquiry into residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards shared lodging’s existence in their communities. This lack of inquiry is despite the perceived positive and negative impacts of tourism being continually shown to directly relate to support for various types of tourism. Because non-hosting residents retain the same voting rights and tax paying responsibilities as resident hosts, it is important to understand factors influencing their attitudes and support for shared lodging in their community. With this gap in mind, this study aims to establish a theoretical framework and methodology to qualitatively and quantitatively assess any potential social impacts of shared lodging by obtaining perspectives of residents.Publication Issues and Challenges of Integrative Medical System to the Growth of Health Tourism Industry in Nepal(2017) Khanal, Bishnu PrasadHealth tourism is a rapidly growing phenomenon in today’s world. Health tourists are seeking better opportunities for low cost and high quality treatment in other countries as well as experiencing other cultures. The purpose of this paper is to find issues and challenges of Integrative Medicine to the Growth of Health Tourism Industry in Nepal and outline the opportunities and potentials of health tourism in Nepal using yoga and Ayurveda. Yoga and Ayurveda tourism is a new form of niche tourism which has been rapidly growing in the recent years. Today, Ayurveda is a popular form of treatment for many people around the world. Its use is widespread in India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Health tourism, which will attract more stable tourists over a longer period of time and with higher spending capacity. There will be new elements added to leisure tourism and niche products in tourism will be developed.Publication A Changing Netnographic Landscape: Is There a Place for Online Ethnography in Hospitality and Tourism?(2017) Whalen, ElizabethWith the changing landscapes of online research, netnography has shifted to fit the needs of researchers in hospitality and tourism. This has left a void behind, however, for traditional ethnographic methodologies. This study reviews past netnographic research in hospitality and tourism and finds three major differentiating points: 1. online community definitions, 2. data collection methodologies, and 3. ethics in research. Through discussing the distinctions between ethnography and netnography, this research shows the availability of two distinct qualitative methodologies. As netnography grows and changes, traditional ethnography should not be lost in the process. Ethnographic principles grounded in the foundation of anthropological doctrines should remain important and distinct from netnography. The ability to use the diverse tools in the qualitative toolbox will help hospitality and tourism researchers understand the transforming marketplace.Publication Engaging the Customer: The Impacts of Online Travel Community Engagement on Brand Identification and Behavioral Intentions(2017) Whalen, Elizabeth; Bowen, John T.Online consumption communities provide opportunities for social engagements targeting conversations about products and services in which individuals’ actions within the community have the potential to influence consumer behavior. According to extant research, these groups effect decision making processes, however they remain an enigma and require further investigation. Understanding the impact of online communities on the hospitality and tourism industry is a crucial area that is still not fully understood. As travel and tourism destinations are highly complex and require travelers to plan thoroughly in order to best enjoy their travels and hopefully minimize travel risks, consumers are turning to alternative sources of information due to availability and preference for online mediums. Using the DIS online community, this study evaluates the impacts of consumer engagement on brand identification and behavioral intentions both towards continued involvement with the community and intentions towards the brand or destination. This research is integral for future understandings of consumer behavior in online communities and the impact of these communities on decision making practices.