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Date of Award

5-2010

Access Type

Campus Access

Document type

dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Degree Program

Plant, Soil and Insect Sciences

First Advisor

Baoshan Xing

Second Advisor

Prasanta C. Bhowmik

Third Advisor

Weiguo Hu

Subject Categories

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology | Soil Science

Abstract

The colloidal behavior of engineered nanomaterials exposed in an aquatic environment may significantly influence their bioavailability as well as toxicity to different species. Natural organic matter (NOM) is one of the major colloidal materials ubiquitous in the environment with significant structural heterogeneity. Therefore, role of NOM molecules on environmental fate of these engineered NPs needs to be addressed. Colloidal behavior of aluminum (Al 2 O 3 ) and magnetic iron oxide (γFe2 O3 ) NPs was studied in the presence of structurally different HAs and synthetic polyacrylic acids (PAAs). The conformation behavior of the adsorobed NOM/polyelectrolyte under specific solution conditions were determined with dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy measurements.

Al2 O3 NPs followed the classical DLVO model of colloidal behavior in their pristine state. However, a significant deviation from the classical DLVO model was observed when these NPs were coated with structurally different HAs. Low polar, high molecular weight HA fractions showed much stronger stabilization against Ca 2+ induced aggregation. Previously, we observed that these low polar, high molecular weight fractions strongly destabilized the NP suspension when added in a small quantity. A significant transformation in suspension stability was observed possibly due to steric effect of these adsorbed HAs.

The colloidal behavior of PAA/NOM coated ferrimagnetic γFe 2 O3 NPs were investigated. Pure γFe2 O 3 NPs were extremely unstable in aqueous solution but a significant enhancement in colloidal stability was observed after coating with polyelectrolytes/NOM. The steric as well as electrostatic stabilization introduced by the polyelectrolyte coating strongly dictated the colloidal stability. The alteration of electrosteric stabilization mechanisms by pH-induced conformation change profoundly influences the colloidal stability. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study revealed a highly stretched conformation of the HA molecular chains adsorbed on γFe 2O3 NP surface with increasing pH from 5 to 9 which enhanced the colloidal stability trough long range electrosteric stabilization. The depletion of the polyelectrolytes during dilution of the suspension in the acidic solution conditions and in the presence of Na + or Ca 2+ decreased the colloidal stability. The conformation of the polyelectrolytes adsorbed on the NP surface altered significantly as a function of substrate surface charge as viewed from the AFM imaging.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7275/5669543

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