Publication Date
2016
Journal or Book Title
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Abstract
A historical assessment of the origin of the dose–response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose–response models emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and competed for acceptance and dominance. Particular attention is directed to the hormetic model for which a general description and evaluation is provided, including its historical basis, and how it was marginalized by the medical and pharmacology communities in the early decades of the 20th century.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122034
Special Issue
Hormesis and Transhormesis in Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Volume
17
Issue
12
License
UMass Amherst Open Access Policy
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Recommended Citation
Calabrese, Edward J., "The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine" (2016). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 17.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122034