Motivated by the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, developing wearable electrochemical sensors for personalized healthcare offers substantial potential. To seamlessly integrate these devices into daily life, they need prioritize portability, comfort, and durability, enabling consistent, real-time tracking of biological data. This research explores the optimization of current sensor platforms to increase specificity and extend sensor shelf-life on diverse substrates. Signals originate from either interfacial reactions or deeper tissue changes. Understanding the source and corresponding response helps define the sensing structure and guides the selection of functional materials. Environmental stressor—ground-level ozone, a strong oxidant—causes continuous damage to leaf cells, but visible symptoms manifest much later than the initial tissue damage. Current assessing methods combine ozone detectors with bioassays. In this study, conductive polymer tattoos were created via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) on leave surface. These well-adhered, uniform electrodes enable clear bioimpedance analysis, with signals extracted and interpreted through equivalent circuits to reveal cell damage. Furthermore, these electrodes can be deposited on various fruit leaves, providing distinct data profiles, making them promise for real-world applications in crop disease prevention. Biosensors targeting specific analytes usually requires bio-recognition elements to ensure specificity. These elements are often prone to degrade due to environmental factors and non-specific binding. An encapsulation layer can shield these elements from environmental effects and stabilize them on the substrate. However, encapsulation also creates a diffusion barrier that can alter mass transport at the interface, which can be prominent for low-concentration detection. A thin, porous encapsulation film offers a balance between protection and sensing efficiency. Encapsulated enzymatic sensors via photoinitiated chemical vapor deposition (piCVD) demonstrate a deposited film with strong adhesion, efficient mass transport, and stability throughout extended sensing cycles. Further, depending on analyte complexity, the film’s surface chemistry can be tailored for controllable permeability. In encapsulated sensing structures, the signal depends on the likelihood of analyte absorption at the interface and successful passage through the film. Studies on antifouling layers for immunosensors have found that hydrophilic coatings, while increasing interfacial attachment, favor impurities over target analytes. Conversely, hydrophobic materials, despite lower attachment, provide a better pathway for target analytes.