Both EPA and NMFS have authority to provide regulations and design criteria to protect fish at water withdrawals. The NMFS criteria were created to protect anadromous salmonids and apply to hydropower, irrigation, and other water withdrawals. The NMFS criteria is intended to expedite the permit renewal process for fish screens and bypass designs that are required by various state or federal regulations. EPA is authorized under the Clean Water Act to require compliance with its fish screening regulations. EPA’s 316(b) Rule, which is expected to be finalized on June 27, 2013, will be applied on a national level and impact all existing facilities that withdraw 2 MGD or more water from Waters of the US and use at least 25% or more of that water exclusively for cooling, regardless of the species present. This presentation will highlight the differences and similarities between the NMFS and EPA fish protection strategies with an emphasis on the impact of 316(b) regulations in the northwest.