This dissertation critically evaluates carbon capture (CC) as a decarbonization strategy for the US power sector, with particular attention to its implications for air pollution and environmental justice. While CC is often promoted as a climate solution capable of reducing up to 90% of CO₂ emissions from fossil-based electricity generation, its broader environmental and equity impacts remain insufficiently understood. This research explores how CC deployment affects power system operations, alters co-pollutant emissions, and reshapes the distribution of health damages. Although the analysis focuses on the US, the modeling framework and policy evaluation methods are adaptable to other jurisdictions.