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Development of a flow spreader for fish bypass outfalls

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Abstract
An outfall structure, intended to minimize juvenile mortality subsequent to releaseinto the tailrace. was designed while developing juvenile salmonid bypass systems at dams inWashington. A unique end configuration for the outfall structure was developed in an effort tominimize the stress and exposure to predation that the plunge from an outfall may induce. TheMow spreader minimizes the initial plunge depth and maximizes the initial flow dispersion fromthe outfall. Enhancement of outfall plunge hydraulic conditions such as these may increasesurvival of juvenile salmonids following release from the bypass system.
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1997
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