None supplied. From introduction '...[T]he downstream migrating salmon may have to pass through as many as ten low-head dams on the main stem Columbia and Snake Rivers, all of which contain Kaplan-type wheels. Since many of these projects are completed or under construction, (as well as projects on other rivers,) it was decided that a comprehensive study should be performed to determine what effect various operating conditions would have on survival of fish passing through this type of turbine.'