Climate change and air pollution are interconnected, with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and heatwaves intensifying in urban environments, exacerbating public health risks and impacting urban agriculture. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a city-wide year-long measurement campaign to understand the spatiotemporal patterns and concentrations of NO2. Also, we aimed to assess the impact of heatwave exposure during early plant development on plant growth, phenology, flowering, fruit production, and the abundance of floral and non-floral visitors. We measured ambient NO₂ concentrations in Holyoke, MA, from August 2021 to 2022, using Ogawa passive samplers. We collected 260 weekly NO2 samples at 25 sites classified based on their land use characteristics. Sites included ‘fixed’ (yearlong, n = 5) and ‘rotating’ (weeklong, n = 20) locations. Results showed higher NO2 concentrations during winter (>150 µg/m³) compared to summer (<3.4 µg/m³), with commercial and highly dense sites experiencing the highest mean concentrations (17.09 µg/m³). Approximately 61% of rotating sites and 62% of weekly samples from fixed sites exceeded WHO air quality guidelines. A mixed-effects model revealed that weekly mean temperature, NDVI, and wind speed were the strongest predictors of NO₂. Additionally, we investigated the effects of heatwaves in urban environments using cherry tomato plants as a model system. Plants (n = 96) were exposed to heatwave (HW:37.7°C) and control (C: 28.8°C) conditions for 3 days during early development, then transplanted to pots and moved to 3 sites. We performed various surveys to assess plant growth, flowering, phenology, fruit production, and floral and non-floral visitors’ abundance. Heatwave exposure increased total flower counts yet did not influence initial growth rate or weekly plant height, but when the site with additional nutrient access was excluded, HW exposure significantly reduced plant height. HW-exposed plants produced more mature and immature fruits, attracted more non-floral visitors, and led to a delay in fruit ripening time. These findings highlight the dual challenges of air pollution and climate stressors in urban environments, emphasizing the need to understand their interactions to protect public health and support urban agriculture.