The article begins with a discussion of the meaning of technology, ranging from large-scale broadcast media to the most basic definition of how resources are combined to produce learning, e.g. the standard classroom model. It then discusses the issue of professionalism and its impact on the role, if any, of the learners. Four models are outlined for large-scale communications media from broadcast media to small, local discussion groups. The discussion of small-scale media ranges from video tapes and simple cassette tapes to learner-generated material. The article concludes with a discussion of games, role playing, and folk media. Throughout the discussion focuses on the tension between professionally produced material and the role of the learners in controlling their own learning process.