Some of the components of fishway theory, design and construction are explored through: literature assessments, personal design surveys and interviews, theoretical and applied analyses (and testing) of stimuli, and the energy expenditure of ascending fish in various passage modes. A fundamental analysis of attraction flows, based on data from the USCE Bonnevill eFisheries-Engineering Laboratory, supplies the physical basis for fishway attraction flow design. Tests using typical fishway attraction flow and stream geometries with various species of fish are still needed to expand this analysis. Because much of the current fishway construction is being done in more remote and smaller systems, some consideration has been given to the use of alternative construction methods and materials. Also, because of the breadth and depth of the project an extensive bibliography is included in this volume. This report concludes with an appendix which summarizes the early stages of development of a new weir, pool, and baffle fishway. Although testing has been conducted with only two species of salmon, the early results are very promising.