In addition to being a significant source of food, vegetable plants are abundant in vitamins and other indispensable nutrients. The use of medicinal plants also results in the production of natural remedies and safe medications. Using underutilized genetic resources and employing environmentally responsible crop production methods are two ways that food security can be improved. Adopting environmentally friendly methods that use agricultural practices or local genetic resources is essential to boost food production. To improve both the quality and quantity of the yield, this study conducts this research using compounds that occur naturally, studying seeds native to the area, and enriching the soil with microorganisms that promote plant growth. Pumpkin, Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, is a crucial crop belonging to the cucurbit family and is cultivated in nearly all arable regions worldwide. Germplasm identification plays an essential role in connecting the conservation and utilization of crop genetic resources in various plant breeding activities. The current study focuses on the biochemical and molecular variations among a group of pumpkin genotypes sourced from different climatic zones. The resulting information can enhance the management of germplasm and the sustainable utilization of neglected genotypes. Local landraces of pumpkins have successfully developed some environmental adaption to the environment, displaying various traits that provide resistance against diseases and tolerance to environmental stressors. Institutional efforts towards producing improved and high-quality registered vegetable seeds using local germplasm have concentrated on utilizing unexploited landraces in preliminary studies for developing breeding programs. Hence, the study findings might provide valuable insights into the chemical phenotypic characterization and effective planning and selection of parent plants for potential pumpkin breeding programs designed for trait improvement. The Asteraceae family is divided into 13 subfamilies. These subfamilies include Asteroideae, Barnadesioideae, and Cichorioideae. The lack of comprehensive research on various genera and representative species has hindered the understanding of the phylogeny and diversification of the daisy family (Asteraceae). Chicory and endive have been cultivated since ancient times in Egypt and are now essential elements in Mediterranean diets. Both chicory and endive are now grown all around the world, especially in the Mediterranean region. The genus Cichorium includes two recognized and distinct species according to provenance; C. intybus L. (chicory) and C. endivia L. (endive). In the genus Cichorium, the European flora denoted the species; C. intybus, C. spinosum, and C. endivia, and subdivided the species endivia into two subspecies. These two subspecies include one species that is cultivated (endivia), while the second is wild (divaricatum). Salinity stress is a significant concern in crop production, which has a significant impact on global food security. Agronomic practices offer mitigation options for managing salt stress. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a prominent summer crop in Egypt and worldwide because its fruit contains a relatively rich content of vitamins, protein, and minerals, along with carbohydrates. The primary objective of eggplant growers, both domestically and internationally, is to enhance the productivity of high-quality eggplants. The irrigation water source is a crucial factor impacting plant development and productivity. With the rising scarcity of freshwater, using drainage water is suggested as one of the recommended solutions for irrigating eggplants. Salinity causes various structural changes that alter the water balance in plants and poses a serious environmental challenge to crop production. Photoprotectants are strongly advised for improving growth and enhancing the yield productivity of various plants when exposed to abiotic stress conditions. Salicylic acid is essential in protecting plants from both biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenously application of salicylic acid has been reported to affect various plant processes, such as stomatal closure, cell membrane permeability, and ion uptake, along with photosynthetic rate. This includes the content of pigments, growth rate, and fruit yield. Cowpea, or Vigna unguiculata, in the Leguminosae family, is a traditional staple food source of sustenance for humans. The cultivation of cowpea is gaining attention due to its high nutritional value and ability to survive in dry soils, as well as its potential to improve soil fertility for forthcoming crop plants. Growth-promoting microorganisms, which include Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs), can be employed for sustainable farming because of their capacity for nitrogen fixation and also their ability to produce growth-regulating plant hormones. A mixture of soil microbial inoculants commonly enhances plant growth more efficiently than individual inoculants due to the synergistic effects of different strains, which complement each other's positive traits. The literature shows that integrated biofertilizers have been studied less in cowpea plants. This study addresses the need to evaluate the effect of inoculating cowpea plants with growth-promoting microorganisms, specifically B. amyloliquefaciens, yeast (S. cerevisiae), and cyanobacteria (N. mucorum), as potential biofertilizers for cowpeas. The study also examines the impact of using these microorganisms in combination. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), a member of the Apiaceae family, is an herbaceous medicinal and aromatic plant that is indigenous to the Mediterranean basin. Globally, fennel fruits, foliage, and bulbs are used medicinally and as vegetables. The fruit (also seed) of the fennel plant is valued for their essential oil (EO), which has shown effectiveness against several diseases and conditions. These diseases include cancer, bacterial infections, fungal infections, antithrombosis, hepatoprotection, and inflammation. In fennel fruits, the essential oil level may vary anywhere in the range of 1% and 4%, depending on several factors such as the cultivar, the fruit age, the climatic conditions, and the farming techniques. Trans-anethole and estragole along with fenchone and limonene are considered the major compounds in fennel essential oil that determine the oil quality. When following the organic farming approach, chemical fertilizers are primarily avoided. Organic farming, including bio-fertilizer applications, is used as an alternative approach to deliver plant nutrients and at the same time to maintain agricultural ecosystems. Microorganisms employed in this biofertilization system can fix nitrogen, dissolve soil-phosphorus and potassium, form molecules that can enhance plant growth in general and improve the defense system against diseases and stressors. In organic agricultural production, natural supplies of vital plant nutrients are provided via processed biofertilizers and manure, among other natural organic additions. Among the many advantages of organic fertilization are enhanced soil health, preservation of soil fertility due to its ability to replenish lost organic matter, mitigation of environmental harm while maintaining productivity, reaching the goal of sustainable agricultural production, and reduction of the risks associated with excessive fertilization and groundwater contamination.