The installation and operation of hydrokinetic turbines in riverine habitats may impact local and migratory fish populations. One of the primary concerns associated with hydrokinetic projects is the potential for fish to be struck and injured or killed by turbine blades. To address this issue, we conducted laboratory evaluations of turbine blade strike mortality and fish entrainment through hydrokinetic turbines. The blade strike studies were conducted with trout and sturgeon and evaluated survival and injury for various fish lengths, blade leading edge thicknesses, and strike velocities. The resulting data set allows for blade strike mortality rates to be estimated for most teleost species and sturgeons for a wide range of turbine designs and operating conditions for both conventional hydro and hydrokinetic units. Flume testing with three hydrokinetic turbine designs provided survival and behavioral data for fish approaching and passing through the blade sweep of each unit. These tests included an evaluation of white sturgeon juveniles with an axial-flow, ducted turbine. The results of these studies have produced valuable data that can be used to assess the potential for sturgeon to be entrained and injured when encountering hydrokinetic turbines in the field.