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Experimental Observations of Fluid-Structure Interaction Phenomena with Applications to Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines
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Abstract
This work seeks to apply fundamental experiments to better understand the types of flow-induced dynamic instabilities that wind turbine blades may experience. To that end, this thesis further advances the knowledge of a classic vortex-induced vibration (VIV) case, that is one degree of freedom VIV of a flexibly-mounted cylinder in flow. The experiments shed light on the response of the cylinder as the degree of freedom is incrementally rotated from the purely crossflow direction (perpendicular to the flow) to the purely inline direction (parallel to the flow). A more applicable set of experiments is then discussed, the VIV experienced by a flexibly-mounted hydrofoil with a NACA 0021 cross section while the angle of attack and reduced velocities are both increased incrementally. When they are parked, vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) blades are known to encounter every possible angle of attack and the reduced velocity ranges for which we observe VIV in these experiments cover the ranges of reduced velocities that are expected in a full-scale VAWT. Possible VIV of VAWT blades will have a deleterious effect on the fatigue life of the turbine blades. However, in the real world wind turbine blades are considered continuous structures, whereby their response is a function of time and space. To explore this idea, that of a flexible, continuous structure, we first start with a cross section that is well studied, that of a square prism. The square prism is studied for α = 0◦, whereby the flat side of the square sees the flow first as the reduced velocity is increased. After this, the response of a flexible hydrofoil placed at various angles with respect to the incoming flow and subjected to increasing reduced velocities is studied.
Type
Dissertation (Open Access)
Date
2024-09
Publisher
Degree
Advisors
License
Attribution 4.0 International
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/