This dissertation investigated surface patterns aimed at enhancing the energy efficiency and performance of marine vessels and vehicles by mitigating drag in water flow of the moderate range of 2537 ≤ Re ≤ 11236. Twenty-seven distinct surface patterns underwent testing for drag reduction in a water circulation tunnel. The study investigated the correlation between drag and pattern attributes, such as regularity/irregularity, wettability, contact angle/contact angle hysteresis, and material composition. The study observed the drag reduction performance of patterns in the following order: hydrophobic irregular patterns > hydrophilic irregular patterns > superhydrophobic regular patterns. The summation of contact angle and contact angle hysteresis potentially correlates with drag reduction in irregular patterns exhibiting hydrophobic or hydrophilic characteristics. Nanoceramic coating and PDMS coating demonstrated enhanced drag reduction performance when applied to irregular patterns, contingent upon the spacing within the h/s (height of protrusion or tip/valley span) range. Notably, nanoceramic coating contributed to smoothing the slope of the drag coefficient plot overall, particularly in the highest Reynolds range. The study also conducted a seawater antifouling experiment using a control (non-toxic antifouling paint) and three patterns (each exhibiting a minimum drag reduction (%p) of at least 7), selected based on their drag reduction performance, use of antifouling materials, and practical applicability, over a 20-day period. The findings revealed that the pattern coated with nanoceramics on top of the non-toxic antifouling paint proved most effective in preventing fouling. It possessed at least 9.7% drag reduction and had characteristics of a hydrophobic irregular pattern.