Title
Hydrosystem, dam, and reservoir passage rates of adult Chinook salmon and steelhead in the Columbia and Snake rivers
Publication Date
2004
Keywords
adult, chinook, salmon, steelhead, upstream, upstream migration, migration, dams, reservoirs, Snake River, thermal
Journal or Book Title
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
Abstract
We assessed upstream migration rates of more than 12,000 radio-tagged adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) past a series of dams and reservoirs on the Columbia and Snake rivers. Most fish passed each dam in less than 2 d.Migration behaviour in reservoirs and through multiple dam–reservoir reaches varied within and between years and between species. Within years, spring–summer Chinook salmon migrated more rapidly as water temperature and date of migration increased; between years, spring summer Chinook salmon migrated fastest in low-discharge years. Steelhead migrations slowed dramatically when summer water temperatures peaked within each year, then increased as rivers cooled in fall. Mean summer temperatures explained more between-year variation in steelhead passage rates than did differences in discharge. Fall Chinook salmon migration rates also slowed during periods of warm water. Protracted passage times within the hydro system were most likely for fish from all runs that fell back over and reascended dams and for steelhead that sought thermal refugia by straying temporarily into coldwater tributaries.
Pages
1413-1439
Volume
133