River restoration is on the rise nationwide, and many state programs are working to overcome technical, regulatory, and social barriers to dam removal. In Massachusetts, more than 3000 dams fragment and degrade aquatic ecosystems and threaten public safety. Most of these dams have outlived their purpose, are deteriorating, and are a net cost and liability for their owners. This widespread aging of unwanted dams is an unparalleled opportunity to remove dams and restore fish passage and natural river processes. Since 2001, the Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration (DER) has led dam removal statewide. Together with federal, state, and non-governmental partners, DER removed seven dams between 2001 and 2007; four dams in 2009; and three in 2010. More than 30 dam removal projects are in the planning stages. For project proponents and watershed groups, DER offers project management; technical assistance; and limited project funding. While dam removal has gained traction among municipalities, dam owners, and watershed groups, significant programmatic barriers still exist that prevent implementation in an efficient, cost-effective manner. This presentation gives an overview of DER’s dam removal program; describes strategies DER has used to overcome technical and programmatic challenges; and summarizes the barriers that still remain.