Off-campus UMass Amherst users: To download campus access dissertations, please use the following link to log into our proxy server with your UMass Amherst user name and password.

Non-UMass Amherst users: Please talk to your librarian about requesting this dissertation through interlibrary loan.

Dissertations that have an embargo placed on them will not be available to anyone until the embargo expires.

ORCID

0000-0003-2801-3674

Access Type

Open Access Thesis

Document Type

thesis

Degree Program

Geosciences

Degree Type

Master of Science (M.S.)

Year Degree Awarded

2020

Month Degree Awarded

September

Abstract

The rise and demise of mountain belts, caused by growth, modification, or removal of the continental lithosphere are fundamental processes that influence almost all Earth systems. Understanding the nature, timing, and significance of active processes in the creation and evolution of modern mountain belts is challenged by a lack of middle crustal and lower crustal exposures. Analogues can be found in ancient orogens, whose deeply eroded roots offer a window into deeper processes, yet this record is complicated by overprinting events and complex deformational histories. Research presented herein constrains the tectonic history of multistage Appalachian Orogen, type locality of the Wilson cycle. Data-driven analysis of newly assembled geochronologic, geochemical, and geothermobarometric databases are synthesized with structural fabrics and geophysical imaging to constrain the timing and nature of crustal thickening and thinning events. Results identify a two-stage crustal thickening history in the dominant Acadian Orogeny and suggest the existence of a high elevation, low relief orogenic plateau. This plateau, the Acadian altiplano, formed in central and southern New England by ca. 380 Ma and exited for at least 50 m.y. until underwent orogen parallel collapse ca. 330-310 Ma. Collapse of the plateau likely formed the geophysically observed 12-15 km offset in Moho depth in western New England, and implies that the step has existed for ca. 300 m.y. These data constrain a four-dimensional record of crustal evolution over a period exceeding 100 m.y. Recognition of the Acadian altiplano may have important implications for the genesis of critical Li deposits, paleoclimate, and evolution of the Appalachian basin. Further, present a region that may provide an analogue for studying mid-crustal processes such as partial melting, ductile flow, and plutonism underneath modern plateaus.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7275/19124343

First Advisor

Michael L. Williams

Second Advisor

Paul Karabinos

Third Advisor

Michael J. Jercinovic

Fourth Advisor

R. Mark Leckie

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Download
COinS