Aura GanzTao, Yang2024-04-262024-04-262015-022015-0210.7275/6439264https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/33157This thesis introduces scalable and vision free user interface approaches for indoor navigation systems for the visually impaired. Using an Android Smartphone that runs the indoor navigation system – Percept Application with accessibility features, the blind user obtains navigation instructions generated automatically by our navigation generation algorithm to the chosen destination when touching specific landmarks tagged with Near Field Communication tags. This thesis also introduces an Orientation & Mobility Survey Tool that can help O&M Instructors survey the building and deploy such indoor navigation system. The system was deployed and tested in a large building at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.thesisN/A