Harvey, ElizabethGair, Shannon2024-12-112024-12-112024-0910.7275/55186https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/55186Emotion socialization plays an important role in children’s socio-emotional and behavioral development. Understanding the short-term bidirectional effects of parents’ and children’s emotion-related behavior within dyadic interactions—as well as individual differences in these process—is important for understanding how long-term maladaptive patterns of emotion socialization practices are maintained through short-term social learning processes. Participants included 261 (141 boys; 120 girls) 3-year-old children and their caregivers who took part in a 3-year longitudinal study. Results support the notion that emotion socialization processes are dynamic, with parents and children influencing one another’s emotional responses within their dyadic interactions. Further, past parent emotion socialization and child emotion expression changed subsequent concurrent relations between parent and child behavior, suggesting that past parent and child behavior changes the way dyads respond to one another in the future. Parent and child effects varied across parent and child gender and psychopathology, indicating that there are individual differences in the ways that parents and children respond to one another emotionally. Lastly, these early patterns of parent and child effects differed for children with high levels of psychopathology 3 years later, suggesting that early maladaptive patterns of parent-child interaction may lay the groundwork for future psychopathology. These findings suggest that long-term maladaptive patterns of emotion socialization may be maintained through short-term social learning processes and offer intervention targets for clinicians working with families with psychopathology.emotion socialization, emotion regulation, child development, child psychopathology, parent-child interactionsDissertation (Open Access)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9736-8458