Title of Paper

Exploring Experience Measurements in Tourism Research

Author Bios (50 Words for each Author)

Huimin Liu(huiminliu@temple.edu) is a Ph.D. student of the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management at Temple University. Huimin's research interests include tourism destination image, tourist experience, experimental methods, and other causal inference methods.

Xiang (Robert) Li, Ph.D. (robertli@temple.edu) is a professor and Chair of the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management at Temple University. Robert's research mainly focuses on destination marketing and tourist behavior, with emphases on international destination branding, customer loyalty, and tourism in Asia.

Abstract (150 Words)

Experience has been a vital concept with strong explanatory power since the early days of tourism research field. However, there haven’t been any widely agreed measurements of experience, impeding quantitative research and empirical verification of experience knowledge in tourism field. This conceptual study first reviews the measurement theory, exploring measurability of experience and difficulty of experience measurement; then reviews experience measurements in tourism research, and ultimately suggests a measurement framework of the experience concept—context-based matrix with a justified measurement model. Our study helps improve the validity of experience measurement, facilitates empirical research of experience in tourism field, triggers discussion on measurements of experience, and consequently improves knowledge rigor of experience research in tourism research field.

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Exploring Experience Measurements in Tourism Research

Experience has been a vital concept with strong explanatory power since the early days of tourism research field. However, there haven’t been any widely agreed measurements of experience, impeding quantitative research and empirical verification of experience knowledge in tourism field. This conceptual study first reviews the measurement theory, exploring measurability of experience and difficulty of experience measurement; then reviews experience measurements in tourism research, and ultimately suggests a measurement framework of the experience concept—context-based matrix with a justified measurement model. Our study helps improve the validity of experience measurement, facilitates empirical research of experience in tourism field, triggers discussion on measurements of experience, and consequently improves knowledge rigor of experience research in tourism research field.