DOI

https://doi.org/10.7275/xv08-3530

Biographical Information // Informations biographiques

Bente Mathisen is a Norwegian chartered architect MNAL who works as an advisor and manager for cultural heritage at Statsbygg. She has been the director for the Heritage Management Office of the World Heritage (WH) the City of Bergen Norway, Director for Cidade Velha Republic of Cape Verde, and partner at the Architect group CUBUS, Bergen Norway. She is a board member of Foundation Bryggen, World Heritage site. She coordinated for 10 years the Eastern African City-to-City network between the WH cities of Bergen Lamu, Zanzibar and Ilha. She was the project leader of a restoration and capacity building project for the WH cities of Bergen, Norway, and Ilha, Mozambique. She has been a Board member of ICOMOS Norway, is a member of ICORP and currently the focal point of the Our Common Dignity Initiative.

Ave Paulus is a specialist for cultural heritage issues in the Environmental Board of Estonia, Council member of Virumaa Museums, Spokesperson of the intangible heritage of the Folk Culture Centre, Board member of Lahemaa and Alutaguse National Park Cooperation Councils. She is a member of the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes, Rights-Based Approach working group, Climate Change working group. She has master`s degrees from Estonian Academy of Arts (heritage conservation and restoration) and Tartu University (semiotics and theory of culture). Her doctoral studies are related to the topic of community-based heritage protection. She has coordinated cooperation between heritage communities, state and universities in more than 30 development projects concerning heritage management.

Gurmeet S Rai is a conservation architect based in New Delhi, India. She established CRCI India Pvt Ltd, a consultancy firm for heritage practice in 1996. CRCI has prepared cultural heritage conservation and management plans for world heritage sites, urban conservation plans for historic settlements, sustainable development strategies for cultural heritage tourism, all ensuring protection and enhancement of tangible and intangible heritage anchored on principles of rights-based approaches anchored in local communities. She is currently the Officiating President of ICOMOS India and an expert voting member on the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Cultural Tourism.

Gráinne Shaffrey is a Principal of Shaffrey Architects and current President of ICOMOS Ireland. Her work is concerned with the integration of new and existing urban fabric and public spaces which facilitate social and physical diversity. Research and publication has formed an important element of practice. Recent projects include the 14 Henrietta Street Museum which tells a bigger storey of home, housing, class and the city from the 18th to the late 20th Century through the prism of physical traces within this important historic building and the rich oral histories gathered through a unique collaboration with former residents. With ICOMOS Ireland, Gráinne has been working on a project gathering case studies which embrace the spirit and principles enshrined in the ‘Faro’ Convention on the Value of Heritage to Society.

Riin Alatalu is an associate professor of heritage conservation and restoration in Estonian Academy of Arts and the head teacher of restoration in Hiiumaa Vocational School. She has a PhD in heritage conservation and restoration. Alatalu has worked in National Heritage Board, Tallinn Culture and Heritage Department and Estonian Ministry of Culture on leading positions taking care of supervision and promotion of heritage and she has been in charge of important international programs. She is the member of the Board of ICOMOS International and president of ICOMOS Estonia, member of Rights-Based Approach working group, CIVVIH and Estonian Heritage Advisory Panel, former vice-president of ICLAFI.

Keywords

Cultural Landscapes, Rural Heritage, Rights-based, Local knowledge, communities

Abstract // Résumé

The „Our Common Dignity Initiative “ working group (OCD- RBA WG) started as an ICOMOS initiative in 2007 and expanded in 2011 as cooperation for the Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Convention (ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN) under the coordination by ICOMOS Norway. It deals with the Rights-Based Approaches (RBA) in World Heritage management. ICOMOS has taken important initiatives over the last decade to respect, protect and fulfil the rights to culture for individuals and communities by including RBA in its work, through its Ethical Principles and the Our Common Dignity Initiative. In celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ICOMOS adopted the Buenos Aires Declaration (2018) entrenching Human Rights into cultural heritage activities.

According to the Buenos Aires Declaration ICOMOS members, Committees and groups are therefore encouraged to 1) Build strong relationships with communities and peoples in their work. 2) Embrace the principle of free, prior and informed consent of source communities before adopting measures concerning their specific cultural heritage. 3) Offer all possible assistance so that communities and right holders are consulted and invited to participate in the whole process of identification actively, selection, classification, interpretation, preservation and safeguarding of, as well as the stewardship of and development of cultural heritage.

OCDI-RBA WG is currently exploring the principles of RBA and collecting data on community involvement in heritage management. In 2019 a training was held in Estonia, which covered cooperation between duty bearers and rights holders, represented by the state, community and individual in the governance and management of heritage. OCDI-RBA WG contributed to the revision of the Operational Guidelines during the 43rd World Heritage Congress in Baku 2019. The revised OG encourage State Parties to adopt a human rights-based approach.

The main aim of this knowledge cafe is to strengthen human rights issues in heritage, which we hope to achieve by OCDI-RBA WG sharing and discussing some general principles of RBA and Community Rights. We also want to share and collect information from all over the world on communities rights problems and best practice cases, concentrating on rural regions and cultural landscapes.

Session starts with the presentation of general RBA principles, which will be followed by some cases of their application in Heritage Governance and Management in Rural Areas. Speakers are Ave Paulus, Gurmeet Rai, Grainne Shaffrey. The RBA is exactly one of those bottom-up ways to protect and retain rural land uses and related heritage via active management of heritage sites by local communities themselves. Some practical cases and related issues will be presented from Estonia, Ireland and India. We invite to an alive discussion on general principles, specific problems and local solutions for community participation in Heritage Management.

The OCDI-RBA WG would like to cooperate with National Committees in building capacity and empowering heritage practitioners and hope the workshop will contribute to the OCD HRBA-network.

Bibliographic References // Références Bibliographiques

ICOMOS 2018. Buenos Aires Declaration marking the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Secretariat/2018/AGA_2018/AGA2018_BuenosAiresDeclaration_EN-FR-ESP_final.pdf (5.08.2019)

UNESCO 2019. Revision of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage. Baku. https://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/43COM (5.08.2019)

EKERN, S., LOGAN, W., SAUGE, B. & SINDING-LARSEN, A. 2012. Human rights and world heritage:preserving our common dignity through rights-based approaches. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 18.

LARSEN, P. B. (ed.) 2017. World Heritage and human rights: lessons from the Asia Pacific and the Global Arena, London: Earthscan/ Routledge.

LARSEN, P. B., OVIEDO, G. & SINDING-LARSEN, A. 2014. Building capacity to support rights-based approaches in the World Heritage Convention: Learning from practice. IUCN, ICCROM and ICOMOS.

LOGAN, W. 2013. Learning to engage with Human Rights in Heritage In: ALBERT, M.-T.,

BERNECKER, R. & RUDOLFF, B. (eds.) Understanding heritage : perspectives in heritage studies,. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter GmbH.

SINDING-LARSEN, A. & LARSEN, P. B. (eds.) 2017. Our Common Dignity Initiative - Rights-Based Approaches in World Heritage - Taking Stock and Looking Forward (Advisory Body Activities between

2011 and 2016), An Advisory Body Report, Oslo: ICOMOS Norway.

GeneralPrinciplesIntro.docx (26 kB)
Introduction, general principles

EstoniaAveAlex.pdf (894 kB)
Case study, Estonia

INDIAGurmeet.docx (759 kB)
Case study, India

IrelandGrainne.docx (3513 kB)
Case study, Ireland

KCafePPTDignityF.pptx (22222 kB)
PPT of knowledge cafe

RightsBasedApproach.pdf (2127 kB)
Full text of the presentations

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KC 1.2: Rights-Based Approaches in Rural Heritage - Principles and Practice

The „Our Common Dignity Initiative “ working group (OCD- RBA WG) started as an ICOMOS initiative in 2007 and expanded in 2011 as cooperation for the Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Convention (ICCROM, ICOMOS, IUCN) under the coordination by ICOMOS Norway. It deals with the Rights-Based Approaches (RBA) in World Heritage management. ICOMOS has taken important initiatives over the last decade to respect, protect and fulfil the rights to culture for individuals and communities by including RBA in its work, through its Ethical Principles and the Our Common Dignity Initiative. In celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ICOMOS adopted the Buenos Aires Declaration (2018) entrenching Human Rights into cultural heritage activities.

According to the Buenos Aires Declaration ICOMOS members, Committees and groups are therefore encouraged to 1) Build strong relationships with communities and peoples in their work. 2) Embrace the principle of free, prior and informed consent of source communities before adopting measures concerning their specific cultural heritage. 3) Offer all possible assistance so that communities and right holders are consulted and invited to participate in the whole process of identification actively, selection, classification, interpretation, preservation and safeguarding of, as well as the stewardship of and development of cultural heritage.

OCDI-RBA WG is currently exploring the principles of RBA and collecting data on community involvement in heritage management. In 2019 a training was held in Estonia, which covered cooperation between duty bearers and rights holders, represented by the state, community and individual in the governance and management of heritage. OCDI-RBA WG contributed to the revision of the Operational Guidelines during the 43rd World Heritage Congress in Baku 2019. The revised OG encourage State Parties to adopt a human rights-based approach.

The main aim of this knowledge cafe is to strengthen human rights issues in heritage, which we hope to achieve by OCDI-RBA WG sharing and discussing some general principles of RBA and Community Rights. We also want to share and collect information from all over the world on communities rights problems and best practice cases, concentrating on rural regions and cultural landscapes.

Session starts with the presentation of general RBA principles, which will be followed by some cases of their application in Heritage Governance and Management in Rural Areas. Speakers are Ave Paulus, Gurmeet Rai, Grainne Shaffrey. The RBA is exactly one of those bottom-up ways to protect and retain rural land uses and related heritage via active management of heritage sites by local communities themselves. Some practical cases and related issues will be presented from Estonia, Ireland and India. We invite to an alive discussion on general principles, specific problems and local solutions for community participation in Heritage Management.

The OCDI-RBA WG would like to cooperate with National Committees in building capacity and empowering heritage practitioners and hope the workshop will contribute to the OCD HRBA-network.

 

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