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Stress and Racial Health Disparities in Multiracial Families: Understanding the Link between Family Support and Stress
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Abstract
Multiracial families have increased dramatically in the U.S.: rising from approximately one percent of the population in 1970 (approximately 470,000 individuals; U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1972) to 19 percent in 2022 (a little over 11.5 million couples; Hernandez & Hemez, 2023); these rates are projected to triple by 2060 (Bialik, 2017). The term “multiracial” refers to couples from different racial backgrounds (e.g., White-Black). Research indicates that multiracial couples face more stress and family conflict than their monoracial (i.e., same race) counterparts, resulting in increased rates of separation and divorce. To date, little research addresses the determinants of stress that may lead to relational distress for multiracial parents, although it is likely that a key challenge is the stress of merging two different racial backgrounds. The early years of parenthood are a time in which multiracial couples may experience heightened stress because they must merge the values, behaviors, and beliefs of two unique racial groups into one family system. Family support may serve as a key resilience factor during this time, buffering the stress of new parenthood on marital and coparenting conflict, and supporting positive adjustment to stress. The current study employed a sequential explanatory mixed methods design to 1) examine the relationship between racial composition of parent dyads and stress, including the role of family support in mediating and/or moderating that relationship and 2) utilize qualitative interviews to better understand the quantitative results regarding the factors that contribute to the transmission of stress in multiracial couples. Our findings demonstrated that parents in multiracial families experience disparate levels and types of stress compared to parents in monoracial families, and that family support may function as a stressor as well as a stress reliever for multiracial families playing a unique role in their experience of stress. Specifically, a novel finding in this study supported by the quantitative and qualitative results was the unique contribution of financial family support as a source of stress for multiracial families. Future research should continue examining the unique dynamics of family support for multiracial families and its role in their stress.
Type
Dissertation (Open Access)
Date
2024-09