Investigation of Fungicide Resistance Mechanisms and Dynamics of the Multiple Fungicide Resistant Population in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa

Sang, Hyunkyu

Publication:
Investigation of Fungicide Resistance Mechanisms and Dynamics of the Multiple Fungicide Resistant Population in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa

dc.contributor.advisor	Geunhwa Jung
dc.contributor.author	Sang, Hyunkyu
dc.contributor.department	University of Massachusetts Amherst
dc.date	2024-03-27T19:12:23.000
dc.date.accessioned	2024-04-26T16:19:39Z
dc.date.available	2024-04-26T16:19:39Z
dc.date.submitted	May
dc.date.submitted	2017
dc.description.abstract	A filamentous ascomycete fungus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa causes dollar spot, which is the most important disease of turfgrasses in the United States. Despite the increased number of reports of site-specific fungicide resistance and a recent report of multidrug resistance (MDR) in S. homoeocarpa field populations, the genetic mechanisms behind resistance or reduced sensitivity to fungicides remain poorly explained in the fungus. In order to prevent further development of fungicide resistance in the dollar spot pathosystem, a detailed elucidation of mechanisms of site-specific fungicide resistance and MDR is needed. In addition, the previous studies of MDR in fungi mostly focused on efflux transporter mediated drug/xenobiotic detoxification. However, the recent release of fungal genome sequences has revealed that ascomycete filamentous fungi including S. homoeocarpa possess a large number of cytochrome p450s (CYP450s) that are involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Chapters 2 and 3 of this dissertation describe demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide/MDR mechanisms in S. homoeocarpa through Phase I xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (CYP450s) and Phase III efflux transporters using functional genomic and genetic techniques. We identified a fungal specific transcription factor (Shxdr1) that regulates the Phase I and III genes and a novel gain of function mutation of the transcription factor found from a MDR field strain is responsible for constitutive and induced overexpression of the Phase I and III genes, resulting in MDR. In Chapter 4, the mechanisms of qualitative and quantitative resistance of a dicarboximide fungicide have been determined using field and lab mutant S. homoeocarpa strains. We confirmed that S. homoeocarpa field isolates gained qualitative and quantitative dicarboximide resistance through the polymorphism in the histidine kinase gene Shos1 and the overexpression of ABC efflux transporter ShPDR1, respectively. Chapter 5 studies the management of a S. homoeocarpa population with different combinations of resistance to dicarboximide, DMI, and benzimidazole fungicides to find the best fungicide options for controlling the S. homoeocarpa population and further understanding the dynamics of how the population responds to fungicide applications, and to long-term lack of exposure to fungicides during winter. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI; fluxapyroxad and boscalid (high rate)), multi-site fungicide (fluazinam), and the fungicide mixture (chlorothalonil, iprodione, thiophanate methyl, and tebuconazole) controlled the S. homoeocarpa population very well. The isolates with resistance to DMI and dicarboximide were most frequently selected by iprodione or propiconazole applications and the isolates with resistance to DMI and benzimidazole were selected by boscalid applications, but these multiple fungicide resistant isolates decreased after overwintering.
dc.description.degree	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
dc.description.department	Plant, Soil & Insect Sciences
dc.identifier.doi	https://doi.org/10.7275/10013241.0
dc.identifier.orcid	N/A
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/20248
dc.relation.url	https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2047&context=dissertations_2&unstamped=1
dc.source.status	published
dc.subject	Fungicide Resistance
dc.subject	Multidrug Resistance
dc.subject	Xenobiotic Detoxification
dc.subject	Sclerotinia homoeocarpa
dc.subject	Population Dynamics
dc.subject	Agricultural Science
dc.subject	Plant Pathology
dc.title	Investigation of Fungicide Resistance Mechanisms and Dynamics of the Multiple Fungicide Resistant Population in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa
dc.type	openaccess
dc.type	article
dc.type	dissertation
digcom.contributor.author	isAuthorOfPublication\|email:hsang@umass.edu\|institution:University of Massachusetts Amherst\|Sang, Hyunkyu
digcom.identifier	dissertations_2/976
digcom.identifier.contextkey	10013241
digcom.identifier.submissionpath	dissertations_2/976
dspace.entity.type	Publication