Due to the limited literature and empirical evidence in medical tourism, this study attempts to better understand in challenges in medical tourism destination management faced by main stakeholders in medical tourism. Moreover, this study examines the economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts of medical tourism in both positive and negative perspectives. A systematic literature review will be used in this study. The findings of the study will help marketers and stakeholders in developing, maintaining and sustaining their medical tourism destinations, specifically in highly competitive environment.