Heim, Carol

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Professor, Department of Economics
Last Name
Heim
First Name
Carol
Discipline
Economics
Expertise
Municipal fiscal policy
Urban growth, property development and land-use policy in U.S. metropolitan areas
Introduction
Carol Heim is a professor of Economics, specializing in urban economics and urban history. She also teaches courses on housing policy. Her recent research has focused on urban growth in Phoenix, AZ, and especially the generation of municipal revenue through land annexation. Recent publications include “Taxes, Incentives, and Fiscal Policy Choices,” in Land Use: Challenges and Choices for the 21st Century. Heim’s previous research examined regional decline in industrial economies, especially Britain, and the financing of investment during the British industrial revolution. She is a former Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow and former Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford. She also served as a fellow at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
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    Border Wars: Tax Revenues, Annexation, and Urban Growth in Phoenix
    (2006) Heim, Carol E.
    Phoenix and neighboring municipalities, like many in the South and West, pursued a growth strategy based on annexation in the decades after World War II. This paper explores the link between annexation and competition for tax revenues. After discussing arguments for annexation, it traces the history of annexation in the Phoenix metropolitan area. A long-running series of "border wars" entailed litigation, pre-emptive annexations, and considerable intergovernmental conflict. The paper argues that tax revenues have been a key motivation for annexation, particularly since the 1970s. It then considers several related policy issues and argues that while opportunities for annexation are becoming more limited, competition for tax revenues (particularly sales tax revenues) continues to be fierce and to create dilemmas for municipalities in the region.