The rural areas on the perimeter of Kayseri present a rich heritage and culture environment threatened by recent urban development. This paper focuses on the valley settlements on the northeast of the city in Gesi and Koramaz valleys, some of which date from as early as the Medieval period and whose population was multi-ethnic and multi-religious until the middle of the 20th century. Following the emigration of the Armenian and Greek population, the activities which have created and sustained these settlements for many centuries are disappearing as well as the architectural heritage as the villages are partially and seasonally occupied. This research aims to raise awareness about these rural and cultural landscapes and their heritage value by documenting the activities which have created them through mapping of the topography, the tangible remains and landscape as well as the collective memory of the former and present inhabitants. The methodology is based on the juxtaposition of physical architectural remains and the past and present rural and agricultural activities. This will make it possible to understand the potentials and to develop strategies for a sustainable future for the present communities through the tool and resource of cultural heritage. The agricultural activities, generated by the streams running along the valleys include orchards, vineyards and animal husbandry such as cows and water buffalo as well as pigeons housed in numerous columbaria. The plains on the northern side of the valleys, where the streams flow show different types of agricultural activities based on various grains and legumes. However, the declining population and the transformations in agricultural production is leading to the abandonment of these activities and its architectural heritage.