ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

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  A comparison of three queen rearing techniques to improve sustainable small-scale beekeeping in the Northeast US

  Hannah R. Whitehead, Ang Roell, Samuel A. Comfort, Bi Kline, and Lynn Adler

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  Appendix 1. Database of EICAT impact assessment summaries for 169 potential sleeper invasive plants in the Northeast United States

  Ayodelé C. O'Uhuru, Bethany A. Bradley, Toni Lyn Morelli, and Justin Salva

  Environmental Impacts Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) assessments for 169 introduced, established plants in the Northeast (states of CT, MA, ME, NH, NY, RI, VT) that could become invasive with climate change.

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  Rainbow Beach Sediment Grain Size Analysis, Northampton, Massachusetts

  Brian Yellen

  This dataset was prepared by Brian Yellen, a research assistant professor in the Department of Earth, Geographic, and Climate Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Dr. Yellen worked in conjunction with Melissa Grader of the USFWS and colleagues to conduct the associated field sampling.

  This report provides information related to the substrate grain size at surveyed locations on Rainbow Beach on the Connecticut River in Northampton, MA (42.322125, -72.584928). This location is a known breeding site of the endangered puritan tiger beetle (PTB), Ellipsoptera puritana.

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  Source Data for Xueyan Feng, Michael S. Dimitriyev & Edwin L. Thomas, "Soft, malleable double diamond twin"

  Xueyan Feng, Michael S. Dimitriyev, and Edwin L. Thomas

  Source data and code for Xueyan Feng, Michael S. Dimitriyev & Edwin L. Thomas, "Soft, malleable double diamond twin"

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  The influence of erosion and vegetation on soil production and chemical weathering rates in the Southern Alps, New Zealand

  Isaac Larsen, Andre Eger, Peter C. Almond, Evan Thaler, J. Michael Rhodes, and Günther Prasicek

  This data repository contains Supplementary Tables S1 – S13 which mirror files hosted by the publisher. The repository additionally contains a 0.5 m digital elevation model (DEM) derived from historical aerial photographs using structure-from-motion and multiple raster files of topographic derivatives of the DEM. The topographic derivatives include a raster of slope, mean local relief, and 56 rasters of topographic curvature, calculated using different combinations of smoothing window sizes (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 m) and the number of grid cells used in the surfaces for which curvature was constructed (3, 5, 7, and 9 cells).

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  Abundant, distinct, and seasonally dynamic bee community in the canopy-aerosphere interface above a temperate forest: Associated Data

  Michael J. Cunningham-Minnick, Joan Milam, Brian Kane, H. Patrick Roberts, and David I. King

  This dataset describes bees (Apoidea) sampled with blue vane traps at different heights within and above a temperate forest on the campus of University of Massachusetts Amherst from April through August of 2021, as well as the R-code used for data analyses. Specifically, it includes 2 files: 1) all data on individual specimens, including species identifications, occurrence dates and coordinates, and more information on encounter location and study design, and 2) All code used to generate figures and tables from the data that are included within the published manuscript.

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  Source Data for Self-Spinning Filaments for Autonomously Linked Microfibers

  Dylan M. Barber, Todd S. Emrick, Gregory Grason, and Alfred Crosby

  Filamentous bundles are ubiquitous in Nature, achieving highly adaptive functions and structural integrity from assembly of diverse mesoscale supramolecular elements. Engineering routes to synthetic, topologically integrated analogs demands precisely coordinated control of multiple filaments’ shapes and positions, a major challenge when performed without complex machinery or labor-intensive processing. Here, we demonstrate a photocreasing design that encodes local curvature and twist into mesoscale polymer filaments, enabling their programmed transformation into target 3-dimensional geometries. Importantly, patterned photocreasing of filament arrays drives autonomous spinning to form linked filament bundles that are highly entangled and structurally robust. In individual filaments, photocreases unlock paths 16 to arbitrary, 3-dimensional curves in space. Collectively, photocrease-mediated bundling establishes a transformative paradigm enabling smart, self-assembled mesostructures that mimic performance-differentiating structures in Nature (e.g., tendon and muscle fiber) and the macro-engineered world (e.g., rope).

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  Data for << Shifting hotspots: Climate change projected to drive contractions and expansions of invasive plant abundance ranges>>

  Annette Evans, Evelyn M. Beaury, Peder S. Engelstad, Nathan B. Teich, and Bethany A. Bradley

  Invasive plant abundance data. Abundance data for 175 invasive plant species across the lower 48 United States. Each abundance record includes a UniqueID (numbers or characters that appeared to be a unique ID from the original dataset), the dataset from which the datapoint was derived from (see dataset_information.csv file for additional information on each dataset), decimal Longitude (Long), decimal Latitude (Lat), Species Code (SpCode, unique species identifier from USDA PLANTS database), cover (percentage cover), and CoverType (the type of abundance measurement in the cover column; either PercentCover, CoverClass, or AverageCoverClass).

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  Shifting hotspots: Climate change projected to drive contractions and expansions of invasive plant abundance ranges

  Annette Evans, Evelyn M. Beaury, Peder S. Engelstad, Nathan B. Teich, and Bethany A. Bradley

  This file contains maps of current and future abundance suitable habitat for 144 invasive plant species in the United States. Each tiff file represents the current or future range prediction maps of habitat suitable for supporting abundant populations (greater than or equal to 5% cover) of 144 invasive plant taxa, projected across the lower 48 States of the United States. Each tiff file is named with the USDA species code (SpCode) (see '1Species_information_Nov15.xlsx' file for full species names), with species codes followed by .2c indicating maps related to future climatic conditions under a +2oC warming scenario. Areas predicted to be climatically suitable for supporting abundant populations is based on model agreement and range from 0 (no models identify that area as suitable) to 15 (all model outputs identify the area as suitable). Values of 300 represent areas that are masked due to climate dissimilarity. See main publication for model fitting details.

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  Data for "Distinct hydrologic pathways regulate perennial surface water dynamics in an arid basin"

  Sarah McKnight, David F. Boutt, Lee Ann Munk, and Brendan Moran

  In water-stressed arid basins, questions continue to mount over the compounding impacts of anthropogenic groundwater extraction and climate-driven perturbations on groundwater-surface water interactions and the resulting resilience of ecosystem-critical surface waters. Coupling groundwater and surface water level observations with surface water extents from Sentinel-2 data provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate surface water connectivity with local aquifers following intense, sporadic precipitation events in arid basins. Surface water area, surface water level, and groundwater level data were analyzed for trends following precipitation, including peak lag time, post-peak decline rates, and changes in hydraulic gradients. Results indicate variable connectivity following precipitation events between surface water change and groundwater level fluctuations in the upgradient freshwater aquifer with a Pearson correlation of 0.5-0.9, whereas the downgradient brine-to-brackish area of the aquifer indicated virtually no connectivity with the upgradient freshwater aquifer, having a correlation of $$ 0.9), though the log base value of that relationship spatially differs (0.01-0.03). Lumped parameter modeling of surface water inundation also constrains the possible hydrologic dynamics of the post-precipitation response of surface waters. While modeled influx to surface water seems primarily controlled by watershed hydraulics rather than direct hydraulic connectivity of the aquifers, the relationship between surface water and adjacent groundwater levels coupled with surface water area indicate that local aquifers are primarily connected to the surface water bodies through discharge via subsurface infiltration. Modeling results imply that the existence of brine-adjacent surface waters in arid basins are extremely reliant on upgradient discharge from freshwater aquifers despite limited implications for surface water being directly connected hydraulically with local aquifers, and yet that preferential pathways coupled with upgradient spring-fed runoff are a critical physical aspect of recharge to surface waters in arid basins. Our results further support that marginal surface water systems can themselves serve as a critical recharge mechanism to local aquifers.

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  Model data for 'The Paris Agreement and climate justice: inequitable impacts of sea level rise associated with temperature targets'

  Shaina Sadai, Natalya Gomez, and Robert DeConto

  This is the data repository associated with the manuscript "The Paris Agreement and climate justice: inequitable impacts of sea level rise associated with temperature targets". The data contained here is related to the sea level rise fingerprints generated for the study. These include the projected sea level rise fingerprint data at years 2100, 2200, and 2300 under emissions scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. For RCP4.5 data are from ice sheet simulations which include marine ice sheet instability. For RCP8.5 data is presented for two scenarios- one which includes only marine ice sheet instability and one that includes both marine ice sheet instability as well as marine ice cliff instability. Details about the content of the data repository can be found in the readme.txt file located in the repository.

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  The Intersection of Bee and Flower Sexes: Pollen Presence Shapes Sex-Specific Bee Foraging Associations in Sunflower

  Justin C. Roch, Rosemary Malfi, Jennifer I. Van Wyk, Deicy Carolina Muñoz Agudelo, Joan Milam, and Lynn S. Adler

  We evaluated whether female or male bees were more abundant on sunflowers, whether female bees were more abundant on pollen-fertile or pollen-sterile sunflower cultivars, and whether the bee community differed between pollen-fertile and pollen-sterile sunflower cultivars. We further evaluated whether bee communities were shaped by local floral resources and landscape composition. We sampled bees visiting sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) from 14 farms in the Connecticut River Valley of western Massachusetts between 25 July to 27 September 2019, typically making two sampling visits to a farm. We also measured floral resource diversity and abundance at the farms, and categorized the landscape types at 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, and 2500 m radii around the farms using GIS data. All sampled bees were identified to species or species complex. An associated manuscript with this title and these authors is being submitted for publication.

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  A cost-effective method to passively sample communities at the forest canopy-aerosphere interface

  Michael Cunningham-Minnick, H. Patrick Roberts, Brian Kane Ph.D., Joan Milam, and David I. King Ph.D.

  HOBO logger data of hourly measurements at canopy-aerosphere interface from June to August above temperate forest on campus of University of Massachusetts. Weather station data (precipitation and wind speeds) from nearby weather station extracted from Mesowest.com and needed for manuscript figures. Code (R language) to recreate foundation of figures in manuscript.

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  New England Foliar Spectral Reflectance and Nutrient Concentrations Data

  Wenxiu Teng, Qian Yu, Ivan Mischenko, Alexandrea Rice, and Justin Richardson

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  Sleeper Species Database O'Uhuru et. al. 2022

  Ayodelé O'Uhuru, Bethany A. Bradley, and Toni Lyn Morelli

  Thousands of non-native plant species have been introduced and naturalized outside of their native ranges. A small portion of these naturalized species go on to become invasive, spreading away from sites where they initially naturalized and causing negative ecological impacts. In some cases, abiotic limitations, such as cold temperatures, prevent naturalized species from becoming invasive within all or a portion of their non-native range. However, rising temperatures due to climate change could lead to rapid population growth of some naturalized populations, triggering new invasions of these ‘sleeper populations’. Here, we present a database of impact assessments for 179 species naturalized in one or more northeastern state (CT, MA, ME, NH, NY, RI, VT). This database can be used to prioritize invasive species management to prevent the awakening of high-impact sleeper populations.

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  Sunflower plantings reduce a common gut pathogen and increase queen production in bumble bee colonies

  Rosemary L. Malfi, Quinn S. McFrederick, Giselle Lozano, Rebecca E. Irwin, and Lynn S. Adler

  We evaluated whether plantings of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), whose pollen reduces infection by some pathogens when fed to bees in captivity, lowered pathogen levels and increased reproduction in free-foraging bumble bee colonies (Bombus impatiens). We placed pairs of commercial colonies of B. impatiens at 20 mixed vegetable farms in western Massachusetts between Jul-23 and Oct-6 2019. Flowering resources typically visited by bumble bees were quantified at each farm twice to characterize abundance and diversity. We also visited each farm 3-4 times and at each visit, we (a) recorded colony weights to track growth, (b) collected ~10 corbicular loads from returning foragers (per site) to assess usage of sunflower and other Asteraceae, and (c) collected 10 returning foraging workers from each colony entrance for later pathogen analysis. Visual assessment of pathogen samples and pollen composition occurred at UMass Amherst during the 2019-20 academic year. Molecular assessment of pathogen samples occurred at UC Riverside. An associated manuscript with this title and these authors is being submitted for publication.

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  Assessment Data for "Envisioning the Future of a Mature IR"

  Erin Jerome, Thea Atwood, Melanie Radik, and Rebecca M. Seifried

  This dataset contains two spreadsheets: 1) an in-depth functionality assessment of Digital Commons based on the University of Pennsylvania's "Platform Functionality Review" (https://penntrl.wordpress.com/2019/01/23/scrip-appendices/); 2) a running list of required functionality for an institutional repository platform.

  The spreadsheets accompany a forthcoming book chapter, "Envisioning the Future of a Mature IR: A Midlife Assessment of ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst".

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  Forecasts of landscape evolution and soil organic carbon redistribution in the Midwestern United States

  Jeffrey S. Kwang, Evan Thaler, and Isaac Larsen

  In the Midwestern US, agricultural practices, i.e. tillage, causes soil erosion that changes how soil organic carbon (SOC) is naturally distributed across the landscape. We use a landscape evolution model (LEM) to predict how landscapes and SOC change from 2020 to 2520 across 410 counties located in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Initial distributions of SOC were estimated with the gridded Soil Survey Geographic (gSSURGO) dataset, maintained by the US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. The initial topography was built from various state LiDAR-derived (Light Detection and Ranging) digital elevation models.

  For each county, the model outputs .tif files (every 80 years) that show the spatial distribution of elevation and SOC. In addition, .csv files are generated that record county-averaged values of soil erosion, soil deposition, SOC erosion, SOC deposition, and other variables at a higher temporal resolution (every 0.25 years).

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  Source Data for "Medial packing and elastic asymmetry stabilize the double-gyroid in block copolymers"

  Anugu Abhiram Reddy, Michael S. Dimittiyev, and Grason Gregory

  Source code and data for "Medial packing and elastic asymmetry stabilize the double-gyroid in block copolymers."

  Readme included in zip file.

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  Data for "Breaking down barriers to consistent, climate-smart regulation of invasive plants - a case study of northeast states"

  Bethany A. Bradley, Evelyn M. Beaury, Emily J. Fusco, Lara Munro, Carrie Brown-Lima, Benjamin Kesler, Nancy Olmstead, and Jocelyn Parker

  We evaluated regulatory weed risk assessment protocols for six northeast states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont) to identify potential barriers to 1) consistent regulated plant lists across state borders and 2) proactive regulation of species that are not yet present in the state (e.g., range-shifting invasive plant species). We present lists of evaluated, regulated, and range-shifting invasive species that northeast states could assess to achieve consistent and proactive regulation.

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  Data for "Relic Groundwater and Mega Drought Confound Interpretations of Water Sustainability and Lithium Extraction in Arid Lands"

  Brendan J. Moran, David F. Boutt, Sarah V. McKnight, Jordan Jenckes, Lee Ann Munk, Daniel Corkran, and Alexander Kirshen

  This repository contains raw data from this publication including hydrogeochemistry, model calculations, groundwater levels, and remotely sensed data compiled and extracted using Google Earth Engine.

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  North River and South River Estuary Tidal Marsh and Channel Sediment and Water Level Data

  Hannah Baranes, Brian Yellen, Jonathan Woodruff, W Rockwell Geyer, Justin Richardson, and Frances Griswold

  The data within this repository are observations from the North-South Rivers estuary and tidal marsh in the Massachusetts (USA) towns of Marshfield, Scituate, and Norwell. Types of data include 1) sediment core data, including x-ray fluorescence data, organic content, and foraminifera counts; 2) tidal channel observations of water level and turbidity; and 3) marsh platform observations of water level and turbidity.

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  Figures accompanying the manuscript "Mapping the Leigh Fermors’ Journey through the Deep Mani in 1951"

  Rebecca M. Seifried and Chelsea A.M. Gardner

  Figures accompanying a manuscript co-authored by Rebecca M. Seifried, Chelsea A.M. Gardner, and Maria Tatum called "Mapping the Leigh Fermors’ Journey through the Deep Mani in 1951." Creators/authors for each figure are included in the figure list.

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  GIS data for mapping the Leigh Fermors’ journey through the southern Mani Peninsula, Greece, in 1951

  Rebecca M. Seifried and Chelsea A.M. Gardner

  GIS data created by mapping Patrick (Paddy) and Joan Leigh Fermor's journey through the Mani peninsula in 1951. The zip file contains 6 layers (in GeoJSON format) that can be used to display least-cost models of portions of their route, the hikes we carried out to recreate them, and our final interpretation of their route from start to finish.

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  Source Data for "End exclusion zones in strongly stretched, molten polymer brushes of arbitrary shape"

  Michael S. Dimitriyev and Gregory M. Grason

  Supplementary code for solving the constraint equations that describe curved polymer brushes. Also contains software for analyzing the resulting solutions.